Building facade floodlighting engineering case
Important landmark buildings, garden monuments, commercial buildings, special square sculptures in modern cities, or some transportation facilities such as elevated, bridges or passenger stations can be beautified with nighttime façade floodlights. At the same time as the night view of the city, it also improves the quality of life of the citizens at night. This paper not only discusses the pre-design and lighting selection of building facade floodlighting, but also summarizes the practicality and rationality of construction management and maintenance operation, and prospects the development prospect of floodlighting of building facade.
Keywords: building facade, floodlighting, advanced concept, high quality construction, meticulous maintenance, contradiction and development
In January 2008, I began to contact the floodlighting project of the first building facade in the life--the Changzhou Sports Exhibition Center and the Grand Theater facade floodlighting. This is a landmark building in Changzhou and the largest sports culture exhibition center in Changzhou. During the construction of this year and a half, I deeply felt that the building facade floodlighting project promoted each other in three important aspects of design, construction and maintenance, and complemented each other.
First, advanced design concept
The outer surface of the building is the first image of the building. It not only reflects the function and function of the building, but also reflects the distinctive characteristics of the building. The excellent lighting design not only reflects the details and characteristics of the building at night, but also makes the building a beautiful scene in the night city. It is another way to expand the building's function. Therefore, the design of the floodlighting of the facade of the building should not only take into account the details and the overall, partial and overall relationship, but also from the perspective of humanization and energy saving. Mainly can be summarized as the following:
(1) The requirements for the design of the material of the outer surface of the building and the surrounding environment
The light-receiving surface of the building is one of the most important factors affecting the lighting effect. In general, the outer surface of the building is made of concrete, stone, tile, etc. These materials have a rough surface and are better after being illuminated by light. Some buildings use aluminum, stainless steel, glass and other smooth surface materials as the decoration of the façade, so the illumination of the light will cause total reflection, not only the light effect is not obvious, but also the light pollution caused by reflection, especially in the phenomenon The reflected light of the glass is the most serious, so at the beginning of the design, the material of the building surface must be selected in a targeted manner, and different lighting methods should be adopted for different materials. For example, the glass material can consider the method of internal light transmission.
The light and darkness of the surrounding environment and background of the building will affect the illumination required by the building body. If the ambient light is very dark, only a proper amount of light is needed; if the ambient light is very bright, the light must be strengthened to highlight the main body of the building. At the same time, the impact of floodlighting on the surrounding environment and the function of the building itself needs to be considered for special buildings. For example, the floodlighting of the facade of a stadium building should take into account the conflict between floodlighting and competition lighting. In the design, not only the choice of light color should be cautious, but also the control of lighting, lighting and switching time should be considered together. .
The excellent design plan should not only take into account the landscape features of the night building itself, but also pay attention to the expression of the theme of the night illumination of the building and the setting of the surrounding environment. There are many examples of bold innovations, such as the Water Cube in Beijing, the National Centre for the Performing Arts, and the Eiffel Tower in France.
(2) Effects of different viewing angles
In the floodlighting project on the facade of Changzhou Sports Center, we found that a brighter band of light appeared on the arc surface, which contradicted the uniform effect in the original renderings, and the band would The change in brightness and darkness as the different perspectives change, this has an unexpected effect.
Similarly, in the original design of the stepped roof lighting in the exhibition center, the effect of layer-by-layer washing was adopted. Although the effect in the scheme looks very distinctive, the design consideration angle is from the perspective of the roof (roof) It is sloped, with a minimum net height of 16 meters. In the actual observations on the spot, it is found that the glare from the perspective of the ground people is glare. In the end, this scheme can only be cancelled.
From this we can know that for the facade lighting of buildings, the design perspective should fully consider the viewing angle, not only have a full understanding of space and distance, but also to view the facade of the building. The main and secondary faces of the lighting enable the designed lighting effects to fully reflect the characteristics of the building, while at the same time there is no lack of primary and secondary and three-dimensional.
(3) Combination of lamp installation and building structure
The facade of the building is a complete structure. At the beginning of the building design, the location of the night lighting fixtures is not considered. Therefore, when designing the night lighting, the building structure must be considered in combination with the fixture installation. For the final lighting effect, the installation position of the luminaire plays a key role, and the installation of the luminaire must contradict the structure of the building. How to install the luminaires without affecting the overall façade and daytime visual effects, while meeting the effects of nighttime landscape lighting, is an important part of the lighting scheme design.
(4) Selection of lamps and reasonable power distribution scheme
Nowadays, science and technology are constantly developing, people have reached an unprecedented understanding of the use of light. Not only are the appearances of lamps, but also the choice of light angle, type of light color, and choice of light intensity are rich and varied. Choosing the right luminaire is also very important for floodlighting of building facades. Simply pursuing the highest quality products will greatly increase the engineering investment, and without considering the quality requirements of the lamps, it is difficult to achieve the lighting effects expected by the design. Therefore, for the choice of lamps, the designer must undergo rigorous calculation and analysis for each luminaire, and through the on-site careful test light work to compare the key luminaires multiple times, and finally determine the appropriate luminaire. At the same time, in combination with the requirements of the building structure described above, the size, weight, material, appearance color and protection level of the lamp are considered.
In addition to careful screening of the fixtures, the designer also has to consider energy saving. A single energy-saving light source such as LED is an imperfect energy-saving method. As an energy-saving part of lighting design, in addition to the choice of light source electrical appliances and lamps, designers should also consider the power distribution system solution. A complete power distribution system includes the direction of the line, the choice of cables, the reasonable distribution of loads, the control of voltage drop, the way of switching lights, and the accounting of power distribution capacity. The comprehensive consideration of these factors is not only a saving of energy, but also a reasonable reduction of the project cost.
Second, high quality construction management
Construction management is an indispensable part of the project. The construction management of the facade floodlighting project is not only reflected in the construction organization design, material management and quality and safety management during the construction process, but also requires the construction management personnel to have a mature grasp of the lighting design scheme and familiarity with the building structure. At the same time, it also tested the skill and wisdom of the construction management personnel in the installation process of the lamps. In view of the particularity of previous lighting projects in building facade floodlighting, construction managers must pay attention to the following points:
(1) The understanding of the lighting scheme determines the final result of the project. The constructor must thoroughly understand the lighting scheme and form a concept for the final effect of the fixture installation. At the same time, it is necessary to actively demonstrate the effect of using the test light on the on-site environment to meet the design requirements. The effects of different design schemes should be communicated and discussed with the designers in time, and finally the actual lighting effects can be obtained. The understanding of the lighting plan by the construction personnel and the construction plan implemented by this is a review of the ideal effect proposed by the designer, and plays a fundamental role in the wonderful effect of the floodlighting of the building facade.
(2) The installation process of the lamp determines the effect of the lighting
Above we mentioned that the designer must consider the installation of the luminaire on the building structure, and the specific installation of the luminaire must be realized by the construction management personnel after repeated argumentation on the scene. For the special structural parts of the building, we adopt the corresponding construction technology. For example, the installation of the lamps installed on the steel beams of the load-bearing structure cannot be welded and perforated, and only the hoop method can be adopted; the installation of the lamps in the glass curtain wall should be considered. Concealed to the installation of the luminaire, occlusion of the spilled light; the installation of the luminaire in the protruding part should be painted in a similar color to the building structure, to avoid the luminaire affecting the overall appearance of the building; and so on, the construction process must be considered in detail.
Floodlighting on the facade of a building can be done in a variety of ways, such as direct lighting, indirect lighting, contour lighting, etc. These lighting techniques must follow a principle on the building – see the light. Finally, the lighting effect is achieved and meets the hidden requirements of the installation of the lamp. The construction personnel need to carefully sum up the experience and adopt a reasonable construction plan, that is, to ensure the firmness of the installation of the lamp and to achieve the concealed effect, and at the same time take into account the effect of the lighting.
(3) The way the pipeline is laid determines the quality of construction
The lighting pipelines in the building are laid differently than the ground lighting pipelines. Due to the particularity of the construction environment, most of the pipes laid in the building are made of metal, such as tight pipes, galvanized steel pipes, metal bridges, etc. Most of the cables are made of refractory insulation. In addition, there are often other professional pipelines laid in the same plane around the pipeline, such as weak electric pipelines, thermal pipelines, ventilation ducts, fire sprinkler pipelines, indoor lighting pipelines, etc. Which pipelines must be avoided, which pipelines can be laid side by side, and the spacing between the various pipelines is required to be laid, which requires a certain amount of professional electrical construction knowledge.
In addition, the way of fixing the pipeline, the selection and installation of the slings, the arrangement of the junction box, and the bending mode of the pipeline at the corners can all reflect whether the details of the construction are in place, and it is also a concentrated expression of the construction quality.
(4) Mature construction team is the key to ensure the success of the project
For the floodlighting of building facades, the special nature of the construction objects makes the requirements for the construction team even higher. A mature and experienced construction team not only actively participates in the design of the project at the beginning of the project, but also reduces the unnecessary exploration process for the familiar construction process during the construction process, shortens the construction period and ensures the construction quality. . In addition, during the construction, they will propose constructive solutions for the special construction process, which will help the expansion of the construction process. Moreover, the construction of the building facade often requires high-altitude operations, and the construction team with high-altitude operations qualification is also a guarantee of project quality and construction safety.
Third, stable operation, careful maintenance
The excellent design scheme is to express the wonderful effect of night illumination of a building facade; the careful and meticulous construction management is to ensure the wonderful floodlighting effect of the building facade; and the stable operation and careful maintenance are the flooding of the building facade. Illumination for a long time in the city's night is dazzling and reliable!
(1) Maintenance work must be involved in advance during construction
The maintenance of floodlighting on the facade of the building must be involved in the initial design phase. At the same time as the design is formed, the designer must consider how the maintenance work of the luminaire will be carried out in the future, and how to design the luminaire in a place that is both easy to maintain and ensure the lighting effect. During the construction process, the construction personnel should also consider these issues. At the same time, the maintenance staff is familiar with the site as early as possible, familiar with the installation mode, operation mode and pipeline orientation of the lamps, so as to facilitate the future maintenance work.
(2) Reasonable maintenance plan is the guarantee for stable operation of the facility
Floodlights are installed on the facade of the building. How to maintain it is a major issue that must be considered by the management unit. Different buildings, different lamps, maintenance methods, lamp replacement cycles, and personnel deployments are also different. The maintenance of the high-altitude personnel required for maintenance, the operation of the elevated vehicles, and the evacuation of the surrounding people during maintenance require a detailed and detailed plan.
(3) Emergency plan for special buildings
For the façade floodlighting of some special buildings, maintenance personnel are often required to maneuver to deal with emergency situations. For example, the lights in the stadium cannot be affected by the landscape lighting during the competition. The maintenance personnel must manually switch the lamps according to such specific time periods, and discharge the corresponding emergency plans in the maintenance plan.
Fourth, the contradiction and development of floodlighting in building facade
The facade of the building and the floodlighting are originally two things that are not related to each other. The combination of the two will inevitably lead to contradictions. The building itself is a carrier that functions to hold people and objects while telling people what it does. Perhaps during the day or in a peculiar or magnificent building is a landscape, but on a dark night, floodlighting gives the building another unique charm that makes the building suddenly vivid in the monotonous night sky, this with the day The appearance of the building's quiet standing is in stark contrast, and contradictions have arisen. The emergence of contradictions also means that things have begun to develop.
The blackness of the night and the brightness of the buildings are a contradiction. How to make the dark nights and bright buildings more harmonious, so that we can still look at the beautiful legend of the galaxy coefficient while still marveling at the changing colors, which makes us In the floodlighting of the facade of the building, we must also consider how to control the light pollution, how to make the light color softer and more comfortable with the human eye. The concealment of the installation of the luminaire and the building structure are a contradiction. How to make the installation of the luminaire does not affect the structure of the building, which has developed a variety of luminaires, which are smaller in size, lighter in weight, and more easily controlled by the angle of light. Therefore, there are endless streams. The floodlighting of buildings at night not only produced economic benefits, but also produced social benefits.
After satisfying the most basic requirements of people, the building also needs to meet the spiritual and aesthetic needs of the people, and the floodlighting of the building has further developed this demand. That is to say, architectural floodlighting should be "developed" with the "development" of people. However, this kind of development cannot be an endless or leaping development. It is also subject to the constraints of architectural forms and social concerns. Architectural floodlighting is developing in a mutually reinforcing way of contradictory-solving contradictions-contradictory cycles. This is also a promotion of our regular flat lighting. The floodlighting of the façade is a completely different concept from the plane lighting. The different design concepts, the expansion of the construction process and the upgrading of the maintenance requirements have greatly advanced the scope and level of the entire city lighting. It is because of these contradictions that lighting science is constantly moving forward. "People-oriented" is the common principle and goal of all contradictions.
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