DC arc welding power rectifier systems typically employ a secondary winding of the main transformer that is isolated, with unregulated semiconductor rectifier elements placed outside to achieve the desired characteristics. This configuration allows for manual arc welding using pliers or similar devices.
The most commonly used arc welding rectifiers are categorized based on their adjusting mechanisms into three types: moving iron (or movable core) type, moving coil type, and thyristor type. The moving iron rectifier operates on a principle similar to the moving iron type arc welding transformer. It converts the transformer's AC output into DC using silicon diodes, and then filters the output through an inductor to provide stable DC power. A dynamic welding rectifier often includes a bridge rectifier configuration.
Magnetic amplifier arc welding rectifiers come in three forms: internal feedback, no feedback, and external feedback, which help regulate current to achieve the required output characteristics. However, due to high energy consumption, complex manufacturing, and reliance on consumables, magnetic amplifiers have largely been replaced by more advanced electronic solutions.
Thyristor-based arc welding rectifiers offer excellent controllability. By adjusting the conduction angle of the thyristor, the external characteristic curve can be shaped, and welding parameters can be fine-tuned.
The thyristor arc welding rectifier consists of several key components. Its main circuit includes a transformer (B), a thyristor rectifier group (SCR), and an output reactor (DK). The thyristor triggering is controlled by a trigger circuit (C) and a synchronization circuit (T). When a drooping external characteristic is needed, the phase of the trigger pulse is determined by the reference voltage (Ugi) and the current feedback signal (Ufi). For a flat characteristic, the trigger pulse phase is set by the reference voltage (Ugu) and the voltage feedback signal (Ufu).
This system ensures precise control over the welding process, making it highly adaptable for various applications.
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