The car is rapidly transforming into a secure, connected, self-driving robot capable of sensing its environment, making decisions, and taking autonomous actions. One of the most significant changes is the emergence of small, self-driving public vehicles—such as taxis, carpool shuttles, or buses—that can transport people from public transit hubs, downtown areas, or office zones to their final destinations, effectively solving the "last mile" problem.
An example of this innovation is the NAVYA ARMA, a self-driving electric bus launched in October 2015. This compact vehicle can safely carry up to 15 passengers at speeds of up to 28 miles per hour and is currently being tested or deployed in various communities across Europe and the United States. It even made an appearance on the streets of Las Vegas during CES 2017.
Autonomous vehicles rely heavily on their ability to observe and understand their surroundings. Whether it's a small car or a public bus, they use a combination of cameras, radar, and lidar to detect and interpret their environment. These sensors feed data into the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), which helps the vehicle monitor traffic, avoid collisions, and make smart driving decisions. A key component of this system is the use of multiple video cameras—typically at least five, often up to eight. The front and rear cameras must have high sensitivity and fast response times to handle complex scenarios like intersections and potential collisions. These features are becoming standard in many modern cars and SUVs.
A vital part of the system is the camera setup, which plays a crucial role in safety-assisted and fully autonomous driving. Cameras are distributed around the vehicle, often far from the central processing unit. Their performance determines how far the ADAS can see, how small objects can be detected, and how quickly information is transmitted. High bit error rates are not acceptable due to the critical nature of the data. In a panoramic view system, each camera typically streams video at 1280x800 resolution with a frame rate of 30 fps.
In automotive systems, various communication buses such as CAN, LIN, FlexRay, MOST, LVDS, and Ethernet are used. However, for video transmission, only LVDS and Ethernet meet the required data rates.
A better solution for high-speed video transmission is the Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link (GMSL), an uncompressed alternative to Ethernet. GMSL offers ten times the data rate of Ethernet, reduces cable costs by 50%, and provides better electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance. Maxim Integrated offers the MAX96707 and MAX96708 GMSL serializer/deserializer chips, designed for high noise immunity and reliable data transmission over low-cost coaxial or twisted-pair cables. These chips support resolutions up to 1.74 Gbps and include features like programmable pre-emphasis, error detection, and automatic data retransmission.
The MAX96707 serializer IC supports dual camera selection and programmable spread spectrum, while the MAX96708 deserializer includes adaptive equalization to reduce bit errors. Both chips operate within a wide temperature range and meet strict automotive standards, including AEC-Q100. An evaluation kit is also available for testing and development.
When designing an automated driving system, reliable communication with the camera is essential. I would carefully evaluate the bit error rate under real-world conditions and worst-case noise scenarios. Given the high reliability and industry compliance of GMSL technology, it is likely the best choice for ensuring success in this critical area of autonomous vehicle design.
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