The current network connection to humans through social media is quickly and quietly turned into an Internet interconnected object. In October 2013, IDC predicted that Internet-connected objects would be connected to a $8.9 trillion market-autonomous device in 8.9 trillion years and 2020. The number of connected machines will exceed 4:1 for the Earth's population by 2020, and the future of the Internet will be primarily the Internet of Things - or, in compliance with humanity, due to the Internet.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is through machine-to-machine communication, in which case it is communicated via the Internet. The embedded intelligence of connected devices enables them to monitor and analyze data and take action without human intervention, even though humans build, monitor and ultimately control these networks. Machine intelligence makes the IoT system more efficient to operate, can complete, adhere, and reliable systems faster, requiring human samples, analysis and action information.
Everything is new.
Like all seemingly new ideas, the Internet has some historical things. Back in 1999, Bill Happy (the inventor of Berkeley Unix and Sun Microsystems) described a "device (D2D) web... an Internet sensor deployed on a mesh network" that embeds machine intelligence in everyday life. The idea lays a dormant decade, until MIT's Kevin Ashton created the term IoT to describe how to network digitally labeled objects together and interact without human intervention. Ashton's words, "If we have a computer, know everything, know things - use the collected data without any help from us - we can track and count, and greatly reduce waste, loss and cost. â€
Working at the Automatic Identification Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Ashton's original concept was to mark everything that might be possible with everyone with RFID tags or barcodes. Enabling "Tracking and Counting" is a good way to track inventory, but not control or communication, requires embedded intelligence and connectivity, and the joy of conceiving part of the D2D network to make "ubiquitous computing."
The industry began to implement IoT infrastructure monitoring and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, such as remote terminals and programmable logic controllers, back in the 1970s. The central computer will be embedded with sensors and actuators along the assembly line to control the operating line of the machine. Distributed lines later led to distributed systems and networked SCADA systems with more and more intelligence being built into peripherals.
With the introduction of the Internet, the result is a sense that devices, computing and communication network distributed objects harvest information from and interact with the independent environment. Beyond the factory, IoT devices—each embedded sensor, actuator, communication, and computing elements—can create an intelligent environment and be widely used in healthcare, public safety, transportation, utilities, and home.
Have an app
Utilities companies early involved in the Internet of Things in the form of smart grids. The smart grid is a large, high-voltage communication network, although the backbone may be cells, wi-fi, or satellite-based. Distributed systems continuously monitor usage and change power or response issues throughout the grid. At the far end, smart meters continue to monitor consumption, enabling utility companies and end users to better manage their resources.
Smart devices at home respond to remote commands to reduce power peak load or start after the demand in the grid casual pants. Household appliances such as smart air conditioners and washing machines enable better home energy management and allow power companies to avoid power outages and power cuts without additional equipment investment.
Health and fitness enthusiasts have worn out monitoring, recording their heart rate and the distance they ran, coupled to computer analysis results. Embedded wireless medical devices include accelerometer warning drops, cardiac monitoring electrocardiographs, etc., for insulin pump and glucose monitoring in diabetic patients. These devices can be connected to a mobile phone or computer to upload data to the server clinic via Bluetooth and IoT backend. End-to-end solutions and standards and regulatory agencies in health monitoring are rapidly becoming a reality without further delay. Back in 2014, the Continuous Health Alliance will publicize its lightweight protocol, with mobile devices and GSMA already one of the growing areas of mobile health goals.
Confused detective
The core of most IoT implementations is the low-power wireless sensor network (WSN) that connects to the Internet. A typical WSN node contains one or more sensors, A/D and D/A converters, a microcontroller, RF transceiver and power supply (usually a battery). When a node can contain enough intelligence to cope with environmental changes, nodes typically send data to a distributed or centralized system for analysis. Active RFID, with very limited processing and storage capabilities, is at the low end of the WSN range. Can smarter networks perform high-speed numbers? ? ? Collect, process, and communicate, moving a large number of control node levels.
With the increase in mobile phones and wireless connectivity, cloud computing is becoming the core of the Internet of Things. The cloud provides a large amount of data from a scalable storage network and all the data required by human users for the analysis tools. Cloud computing can provide the necessary computing resources and services to manage large IoT networks. Cloud-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) is the key to extending IoT applications.
However, extending SaaS itself is a problem due to the lack of standardized cloud apis. The Arduino and microchips of the hardware platform provide developers with an application platform-as-a-service (PaaS) along with Google's auxiliary development tools. The runtime environment and a set of APIs enable developers to build custom applications using multiple programming models. Intel support, a common hardware/software platform with industry standard APIs and a large support ecosystem is key to making the IoT work smoothly. Is Intel promoting the IoT gateway solution based on its low power consumption E3800 atom? The processor family as well as the new Quark SoC in the new open source Galileo. Freescale is also a powerful believer in the Internet. Freescale's Arm CortexTM-M0 based KineTIs KL02 microcontroller provides a logical choice for speed, storage, and energy efficiency, low power wireless sensor nodes.
Challenges and problems
One obstacle to connecting billions of devices to the Internet is the lack of remaining IPv4 IP addresses. IPv4 can only identify the location of a group of location sensors, but does not create a separate wireless sensor device between the roadblock and the gateway. The IPv6 section answers the issue of scaling and mobility, but it won't be adopted overnight. Even so, the network runs a different software stack and cannot be resolved directly from the Internet. The gateway requires a Uniform Resource Name (URN) subnet address for a single sensor node, each with a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). The sensor node will be accessed via the URL, but only the cylinder addressable URI. Obviously, there is no simple thing to implement an IoT network; therefore, the appeal of PaaS.
With the expansion of the Internet of Things, security and privacy issues are raised. The Internet of Things has virtually any number of physical objects. It has been shown that the current SCADA system control grid can be cut, and the Stuxnet worm puts this issue public awareness in 2010. Smart grids and their diversity, interconnected devices represent a very large attack surface. The system, software and hardware levels are actively addressing security issues, but this is a problem that can only be mitigated because it will not disappear.
Pervasive computing has also raised privacy concerns. It's one thing to have a camera to monitor a crowded subway station, but it's another thing to let them monitor one person's every move. The same GPS/cellular technology enables one to navigate to another city or find a nearby Starbucks phone that also keeps track of their location. GeoposiTIoning is useful for fleet management and tracking containers, but people who track daily movements raise privacy issues, such as security, which are not easily overlooked.
back to the Future
For the provision of more effective services, the Internet of Things is a change in the nature of the Internet itself. Web 1.0 includes static web pages. Web 2.0 introduces dynamic web pages and interactive social media. The simultaneous explosion of connected devices and cloud-based software services is the ability to lead in Web 3.0, where it interacts seamlessly with the machine, so that this generation of children will take it for granted. Bill's joyous D2D web has finally become a reality and will be fully integrated into the Internet where humans will continue to communicate. The future of the Internet will be fully integrated with the Internet of Things. are you ready? Your machine.
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