Concept Analysis of Cluster Communication

Cluster communication, originally derived from the term "trunking" or "trunked," has a rich history rooted in the concept of relaying. The word "trunk" originally referred to a tree, but in the context of communication, it came to mean a shared channel or relay system. This concept is not new in terms of relaying or trunking; in fact, the idea of relaying has existed since the invention of the switch. However, in two-way wireless communication, it became more prominent only in recent decades. The rapid development of electronic components, computer technology, and manufacturing processes has made it possible to reduce the size of system control units and lower equipment costs. As a result, the functionality of traditional relay systems can now be achieved in wireless cluster communication. This has led to similarities between wireless clusters and wired trunks. So what exactly is cluster communication? The term was first used in mobile communications as early as the 1860s, where "Trunked System" was translated as "Relay System." However, there was confusion between trunked relay and repeater relay. To clarify this, Chinese experts in mobile communication, such as Hu Siyi, a chief engineer at Guangzhou Electronic 7 Lock, proposed using the term "cluster" instead. This was because the system could gather small groups into larger ones, making the term more accurate and widely accepted ever since. In essence, a trunked communication system allows all users within a network to share a pool of available channels. When a user wants to communicate with another, they can access an idle channel under the control of a central console. This makes it a dedicated mobile communication system where multiple users or departments dynamically use a shared set of radio channels. It is commonly used for command and dispatch purposes. With the advancement of mobile communication, frequency bands have evolved from low MHz ranges to higher frequencies like 150MHz, 450MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1.4GHz, 1.8GHz, and even 2GHz. Future developments may push into the 4-6GHz range. Meanwhile, microwave communication has moved into the millimeter wave band, with key windows at 38GHz and 95GHz. However, relying solely on high-frequency bands is not sustainable due to limited resources and increasing technical complexity. Therefore, alternative strategies are needed, such as reducing channel spacing and shrinking coverage areas. By decreasing channel spacing—from 100kHz to 50kHz, then to 25kHz, 12.5kHz, or even 6.25kHz—and reducing cell sizes from macro cells to micro and pico cells, we can improve efficiency. Coverage areas have shrunk from tens of kilometers down to just a few meters, allowing better utilization of the spectrum. Another key approach in cluster communication is improving frequency utilization. This leads to the idea of unified planning, management, and shared frequency use across different networks. Instead of each department having its own separate network with limited channels, a centralized system can manage base stations and wireless switches. Each department can then have its own dispatch console and mobile stations, allowing users to access the same network. This approach not only shares frequency and coverage areas but also time and communication services, maximizing the use of the spectrum. Cluster communication thus represents a powerful and efficient way to manage wireless communication in modern environments.

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