Fieldbus basics - solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network
Fieldbus technology emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a communication network designed to connect intelligent field devices across process automation, manufacturing, and building automation. As the backbone of digital factory communication networks, it links production sites with control equipment and higher-level management systems. It is not only a grassroots network but also an open, fully distributed control system that integrates technologies like sensing, control, computing, and digital communication. This innovation has drawn global attention and is shaping the future of automation systems, leading to significant changes in their structure and components. Many international companies have developed various fieldbus technologies, each with unique strengths. These include Foundation Fieldbus (FF), LonWorks, Profibus, HART, CAN, and others. While no single standard has been universally adopted, these technologies have established themselves in different application areas due to their distinct features and capabilities. The core characteristics of fieldbus systems include openness, interoperability, smart field devices, distributed architecture, and adaptability to harsh environments. These features allow for seamless integration, reduced hardware requirements, lower installation and maintenance costs, and improved system reliability and accuracy. The fieldbus control system, often referred to as the fifth-generation control system (FCS), represents a major shift from traditional distributed control systems (DCS), offering a more decentralized, open, and flexible approach. Foundation Fieldbus, for example, is based on the ISO/OSI model and supports both low-speed (H1) and high-speed (H2) communication. It allows for bus-powered operation and intrinsically safe environments, making it ideal for industrial applications. LonWorks, another powerful fieldbus protocol, uses a seven-layer communication model and offers flexibility in communication media, including twisted pair, fiber optics, and wireless. Its Neuron chip enables efficient network design and is widely used in building and home automation. Profibus, a German and European standard, is divided into DP, FMS, and PA variants, each tailored for specific applications such as process automation or general-purpose control. CAN (Controller Area Network), originally developed for automotive use, is now widely applied in discrete control systems. HART, a hybrid analog-digital protocol, enables digital communication over existing 4-20 mA signals, serving as a transitional solution during the shift from analog to digital systems. Looking ahead, fieldbus technology will continue to evolve, influenced by advancements in computer networking and the need for more integrated, open, and intelligent automation solutions. While multiple standards may coexist in the short term, the trend toward open, standardized, and interoperable systems is clear. China's fieldbus development is still in its early stages, but with growing awareness and investment, it is poised to play a significant role in this evolving landscape.
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