Talking about the Status Quo of Quality Management of Medium and Small-sized Wire and Cable Enterprises and the Improvement Countermeasures and Suggestions
From April to October 2011, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine organized the Local Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision to carry out a nationwide supervision survey of wire and cable product quality and a survey of production companies. On November 1st, 2011, it was in the 'Hometown of China's Special Cables' in Anhui. Province Wuwei County issued product quality linkage supervision and spot check data. The results showed that the qualified rate of the three kinds of wire and cable products with widely used PVC, cross-linked polyethylene and PVC soft cables was only 88.4%, which was far below the level of other key industrial products. Many provinces and cities had Spot check rate is even lower than 60%. According to the survey, at present, more than 90% of the cable industry’s production capacity is concentrated on low-end products. The average investment in R&D funds is less than 1% of sales. High-end products such as aerospace, nuclear power, electronics, automotive wiring harnesses, and high-voltage cables are mainly used for high-end products. Depends on imports. Especially in recent years, the homogenization of China's wire and cable products has become more and more serious, the competition in the low-end market has deteriorated, and the profits have been extremely slim. The average utilization rate of enterprise equipment is only around 30%-40%, which is far lower than the level of equipment utilization rate of over 70% in advanced countries. In Japan, the United States and other countries, the top 4 or 5 companies have a market share of over 40%. There are about 5,000 state-owned and above-scale enterprises in the cable industry in China, and there are only 19 large-scale enterprises. These 19 large-scale enterprises account for only 11.7% of the national market share, and nearly 97% are small and medium-sized enterprises. Judging from the distribution of sampling and distribution centers, the five largest production and distribution centers in Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Anhui and Hebei accounted for 63.1% of the total sample size. The qualified rate of product sampling enterprises was 79.2%, 87.9%, 91.2%, 78.7% and 81.9% respectively; the qualified rate of sample inspection products was 86.0%, 89.8%, 92.8%, 86.4%, and 83.8%, respectively.
The spot check reflects the low concentration of the entire wire and cable industry, with nearly 97% of small and medium-sized enterprises. The market share of large-scale enterprises is very low, and the international competitiveness is not strong. There are few leading enterprises that can fully participate in global competition; the capacity for independent research and development and innovation is serious. Inadequacies, high-end products such as wire and cable for nuclear power rely on imports; most companies have weak technical foundations, lack of professionals, and severe homogeneity of products. Low- and medium-level markets have fierce price competition at low levels, and product quality control and continuous improvement are weak.
In view of the large scale of medium and small wire and cable enterprises, which are mainly for the domestic market, the quality of their products affects all aspects of social life. Therefore, the quality management of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies will be strengthened and the quality of small and medium wire and cable enterprises will be promoted as soon as possible. The healthy development of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies and the improvement of China's economic operation quality and the quality of life of the people have extremely important practical significance.
To improve the quality of small and medium wire and cable enterprises, we must use scientific quality management theories and methods to arm small and medium wire and cable enterprises. To this end, we must thoroughly analyze the current problems in the quality management of medium and small wire and cable enterprises, and Propose solutions to these problems.
First, the quality and environmental issues of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies From the point of view of the quality and environment of medium and small wire and cable companies, vicious competition and disorderly competition. Market chaos is one of the important factors affecting the product quality improvement of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies. For example, the proliferation of counterfeit and shoddy products and aggressive pricing have prompted small- and medium-sized wire and cable companies to take more measures to reduce product prices to participate in market competition. Wire and cable companies cannot obtain legitimate profits by improving the quality of their products. As a result, a large number of small and medium wire and cable companies are reluctant to invest their energy and resources in quality management. This standardizes the order of market competition and cracks down on counterfeiting and inferiority. The establishment of competition rules is an important measure for governments at all levels to promote the quality management of small and medium wire and cable enterprises.
Second, the quality of ideas behind the current. Most middle and small-sized wire and cable enterprises have a certain degree of deviation from the management of quality management and quality management. Insufficient understanding of the connotation of product quality and insufficient understanding of the content of quality control. Leading cadres of many companies still believe that product quality is the responsibility of the quality assurance department, thus relying too much on quality inspection. When the quality assurance department strictly enforces standards, some leaders even think that this is the quality assurance department in the card company. The leadership even asked the person in charge of the quality department: 'Do you stand in the position of the user or stand in the company's position? 'The work of the quality assurance department has been difficult to carry out effectively and it has also greatly dampened the enthusiasm of quality management personnel. Some operating workers found out about the quality problem after they found out that they had been concealed and reported. Occasionally, some workshop managers even criticized quality-conscious workers. In many small and medium wire and cable companies, quality is life. Quality first is not really reflected in every job. When quality conflicts with other indicators such as output and sales, quality often becomes the object of sacrifice.
Third, the management commitment is difficult to honor The leadership role of the top management is the source of the enterprise to promote total quality management and improve product quality management. However, at present, the leadership of many small and medium-sized wire and cable companies is arbitrarily large. They cannot abide by the management commitments they have made, resulting in the inability of company quality work to proceed smoothly. Top management often violates management commitments. These corporate leaders do not have a clear quality strategy. Quality is not always the first place in their minds, and companies cannot form a quality culture with customer focus. Management work lacks the necessary environment and impetus.
Fourth, the quality of personnel is tight, the participation of all staff is low In addition to high-tech enterprises, the majority of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies, research and development investment is low, the proportion of new product sales in total sales is low, and small and medium wire and cable Enterprise products are mostly labor-intensive, equipment is relatively simple and backward, and product quality is more dependent on personnel. Unfortunately, the lack of quality professionals in small and medium-sized wire and cable companies has greatly limited the space for product quality improvement for small businesses.
According to the survey, the use of statistical technology in China's small and medium wire and cable companies to control the production process is extremely low, and there are only a few process capability analyses. Enterprises use more layout charts and causal charts, but they cannot prevent unqualified production processes. Quality inspection is still the most commonly used and most important means. Extensive management still dominates the industry. As a result, the loss of defective products remains high and the profitability of the company is not strong.
The participation of employees of small and medium wire and cable enterprises in China in quality management is mostly passive. It is not common to actively care about the company and actively improve product quality and work quality. Employees generally lacked interest in joining the QC team. Some QC results were also processed on the basis of some small reforms. It can be said that the creativity and enthusiasm of the employees are far from being brought into full play and the quality of the products has been improved. The development of quality work has lost its mass base.
V. Quality management system certification does not fully play its role The issuance and quality system of IS09000 standard have been widely carried out in China, and has played a significant role in promoting the quality management of China's small and medium wire and cable companies. However, many certified small and medium-sized wire and cable companies have serious problems in product quality management and have poor quality and efficiency. There are three reasons for this: First, the incentives for certification are not correct: Some certification companies take certifications, others consult, certification agencies take money, and secondly, some consulting and certification personnel have unreasonable knowledge structure and uneven quality; Most companies do not make full use of IS09004 to improve and improve the quality management system. Enterprises that take certification as their goal have given up the essence of IS09000 and pursued a superficial form, unable to establish an effective quality management system: consulting and certification organizations aiming to obtain money have relaxed the requirements of the company. More customers. The current quality consultants and auditors have become hot jobs, attracting a large number of personnel to join in the consulting and certification work. Some of them have no corporate background and relevant knowledge, and have little knowledge of the theories and methods of total quality management. Only standard terms can be applied mechanically and dogmatically, and companies cannot be effectively guided to establish a quality management system.
In view of the current situation and existing deficiencies in the quality management of medium and small wire and cable enterprises, the following improvement measures and recommendations are proposed: 1. The spirit of the conference to earnestly implement the national wire and cable product quality improvement work must fully understand the significance of improving the quality of wire and cable products, and further Strengthen the sense of urgency, responsibility and mission, and unremittingly promote the overall improvement of the quality of wire and cable products; establish and implement a tripartite linkage mechanism between the government, the enterprise and the society; adhere to the principles of government promotion, market guidance, social participation, and enterprise as the main body. Comprehensive improvement of long-term mechanism; highlighting three key rectifications such as 'Key Regions, Key Enterprises, and Key Varieties'; efforts to promote 'government supervision and control of wire and cable product quality, awareness and ability of companies to implement product quality main responsibility, and wire and cable products The overall quality level and the scientific development of the industry are '4 markedly improved'; efforts are made to promote the implementation of the main responsibilities of quality, strengthen the access to production licenses, comprehensively implement the supervision of product quality classification, and strengthen the quality control of key links to further improve the quality of products. We will make efforts to improve the quality of technical support, strengthen industry self-regulation and social supervision.
Second, the effective implementation of total quality management should be quality-centered, based on full participation, through the satisfaction of customers, so that all corporate members and social benefits to achieve long-term successful management of the company.
It is necessary to learn, understand and apply the eight quality management principles and establish a set of effective quality management systems to effectively prevent the harm of formalism.
It is necessary to establish the quality management of the whole process, the quality management of the whole company, the quality management of the full participation, and the diversification of quality management methods.
Third, the quality of the basic work of the management of the implementation of the saying goes, 'the foundation is not strong, shaking the earth', quality management is no exception. Small and medium-sized wire and cable enterprises must do basic work such as: do a good job in quality education, conduct standardization work, measurement management work, quality information work, establish a sound quality responsibility system, and earnestly carry out quality management tasks such as QQC group construction activities. Conditions can form the basic work system for total quality management.
Fourth, to increase investment in quality management, improve resource allocation should be in accordance with the requirements of the production of high-quality wire and cable products, penalties from the establishment of a high quality business strategy penalties, to meet customer requirements, enhance customer satisfaction, training high-end quality inspection personnel, Increase investment, improve equipment, environment, information systems and other aspects of the configuration, in order to ensure product quality and steady supply of resources.
The spot check reflects the low concentration of the entire wire and cable industry, with nearly 97% of small and medium-sized enterprises. The market share of large-scale enterprises is very low, and the international competitiveness is not strong. There are few leading enterprises that can fully participate in global competition; the capacity for independent research and development and innovation is serious. Inadequacies, high-end products such as wire and cable for nuclear power rely on imports; most companies have weak technical foundations, lack of professionals, and severe homogeneity of products. Low- and medium-level markets have fierce price competition at low levels, and product quality control and continuous improvement are weak.
In view of the large scale of medium and small wire and cable enterprises, which are mainly for the domestic market, the quality of their products affects all aspects of social life. Therefore, the quality management of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies will be strengthened and the quality of small and medium wire and cable enterprises will be promoted as soon as possible. The healthy development of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies and the improvement of China's economic operation quality and the quality of life of the people have extremely important practical significance.
To improve the quality of small and medium wire and cable enterprises, we must use scientific quality management theories and methods to arm small and medium wire and cable enterprises. To this end, we must thoroughly analyze the current problems in the quality management of medium and small wire and cable enterprises, and Propose solutions to these problems.
First, the quality and environmental issues of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies From the point of view of the quality and environment of medium and small wire and cable companies, vicious competition and disorderly competition. Market chaos is one of the important factors affecting the product quality improvement of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies. For example, the proliferation of counterfeit and shoddy products and aggressive pricing have prompted small- and medium-sized wire and cable companies to take more measures to reduce product prices to participate in market competition. Wire and cable companies cannot obtain legitimate profits by improving the quality of their products. As a result, a large number of small and medium wire and cable companies are reluctant to invest their energy and resources in quality management. This standardizes the order of market competition and cracks down on counterfeiting and inferiority. The establishment of competition rules is an important measure for governments at all levels to promote the quality management of small and medium wire and cable enterprises.
Second, the quality of ideas behind the current. Most middle and small-sized wire and cable enterprises have a certain degree of deviation from the management of quality management and quality management. Insufficient understanding of the connotation of product quality and insufficient understanding of the content of quality control. Leading cadres of many companies still believe that product quality is the responsibility of the quality assurance department, thus relying too much on quality inspection. When the quality assurance department strictly enforces standards, some leaders even think that this is the quality assurance department in the card company. The leadership even asked the person in charge of the quality department: 'Do you stand in the position of the user or stand in the company's position? 'The work of the quality assurance department has been difficult to carry out effectively and it has also greatly dampened the enthusiasm of quality management personnel. Some operating workers found out about the quality problem after they found out that they had been concealed and reported. Occasionally, some workshop managers even criticized quality-conscious workers. In many small and medium wire and cable companies, quality is life. Quality first is not really reflected in every job. When quality conflicts with other indicators such as output and sales, quality often becomes the object of sacrifice.
Third, the management commitment is difficult to honor The leadership role of the top management is the source of the enterprise to promote total quality management and improve product quality management. However, at present, the leadership of many small and medium-sized wire and cable companies is arbitrarily large. They cannot abide by the management commitments they have made, resulting in the inability of company quality work to proceed smoothly. Top management often violates management commitments. These corporate leaders do not have a clear quality strategy. Quality is not always the first place in their minds, and companies cannot form a quality culture with customer focus. Management work lacks the necessary environment and impetus.
Fourth, the quality of personnel is tight, the participation of all staff is low In addition to high-tech enterprises, the majority of small and medium-sized wire and cable companies, research and development investment is low, the proportion of new product sales in total sales is low, and small and medium wire and cable Enterprise products are mostly labor-intensive, equipment is relatively simple and backward, and product quality is more dependent on personnel. Unfortunately, the lack of quality professionals in small and medium-sized wire and cable companies has greatly limited the space for product quality improvement for small businesses.
According to the survey, the use of statistical technology in China's small and medium wire and cable companies to control the production process is extremely low, and there are only a few process capability analyses. Enterprises use more layout charts and causal charts, but they cannot prevent unqualified production processes. Quality inspection is still the most commonly used and most important means. Extensive management still dominates the industry. As a result, the loss of defective products remains high and the profitability of the company is not strong.
The participation of employees of small and medium wire and cable enterprises in China in quality management is mostly passive. It is not common to actively care about the company and actively improve product quality and work quality. Employees generally lacked interest in joining the QC team. Some QC results were also processed on the basis of some small reforms. It can be said that the creativity and enthusiasm of the employees are far from being brought into full play and the quality of the products has been improved. The development of quality work has lost its mass base.
V. Quality management system certification does not fully play its role The issuance and quality system of IS09000 standard have been widely carried out in China, and has played a significant role in promoting the quality management of China's small and medium wire and cable companies. However, many certified small and medium-sized wire and cable companies have serious problems in product quality management and have poor quality and efficiency. There are three reasons for this: First, the incentives for certification are not correct: Some certification companies take certifications, others consult, certification agencies take money, and secondly, some consulting and certification personnel have unreasonable knowledge structure and uneven quality; Most companies do not make full use of IS09004 to improve and improve the quality management system. Enterprises that take certification as their goal have given up the essence of IS09000 and pursued a superficial form, unable to establish an effective quality management system: consulting and certification organizations aiming to obtain money have relaxed the requirements of the company. More customers. The current quality consultants and auditors have become hot jobs, attracting a large number of personnel to join in the consulting and certification work. Some of them have no corporate background and relevant knowledge, and have little knowledge of the theories and methods of total quality management. Only standard terms can be applied mechanically and dogmatically, and companies cannot be effectively guided to establish a quality management system.
In view of the current situation and existing deficiencies in the quality management of medium and small wire and cable enterprises, the following improvement measures and recommendations are proposed: 1. The spirit of the conference to earnestly implement the national wire and cable product quality improvement work must fully understand the significance of improving the quality of wire and cable products, and further Strengthen the sense of urgency, responsibility and mission, and unremittingly promote the overall improvement of the quality of wire and cable products; establish and implement a tripartite linkage mechanism between the government, the enterprise and the society; adhere to the principles of government promotion, market guidance, social participation, and enterprise as the main body. Comprehensive improvement of long-term mechanism; highlighting three key rectifications such as 'Key Regions, Key Enterprises, and Key Varieties'; efforts to promote 'government supervision and control of wire and cable product quality, awareness and ability of companies to implement product quality main responsibility, and wire and cable products The overall quality level and the scientific development of the industry are '4 markedly improved'; efforts are made to promote the implementation of the main responsibilities of quality, strengthen the access to production licenses, comprehensively implement the supervision of product quality classification, and strengthen the quality control of key links to further improve the quality of products. We will make efforts to improve the quality of technical support, strengthen industry self-regulation and social supervision.
Second, the effective implementation of total quality management should be quality-centered, based on full participation, through the satisfaction of customers, so that all corporate members and social benefits to achieve long-term successful management of the company.
It is necessary to learn, understand and apply the eight quality management principles and establish a set of effective quality management systems to effectively prevent the harm of formalism.
It is necessary to establish the quality management of the whole process, the quality management of the whole company, the quality management of the full participation, and the diversification of quality management methods.
Third, the quality of the basic work of the management of the implementation of the saying goes, 'the foundation is not strong, shaking the earth', quality management is no exception. Small and medium-sized wire and cable enterprises must do basic work such as: do a good job in quality education, conduct standardization work, measurement management work, quality information work, establish a sound quality responsibility system, and earnestly carry out quality management tasks such as QQC group construction activities. Conditions can form the basic work system for total quality management.
Fourth, to increase investment in quality management, improve resource allocation should be in accordance with the requirements of the production of high-quality wire and cable products, penalties from the establishment of a high quality business strategy penalties, to meet customer requirements, enhance customer satisfaction, training high-end quality inspection personnel, Increase investment, improve equipment, environment, information systems and other aspects of the configuration, in order to ensure product quality and steady supply of resources.
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