What is the call sign management of amateur stations

What is the call sign management of amateur stations

Just like everyone has their own name, each radio station has its own station name, the radio call sign. The call sign of the radio station is generally composed of English letters, Arabic numerals or geographical names, etc., which are combined individually or in combination with each other. Of course, this combination must be carried out strictly in accordance with the regulations of the international and national radio regulatory agencies rather than arbitrary, otherwise it will cause confusion. Therefore, in the radio station management, many radio stations are not allowed to use the same call sign or use the radio call sign according to regulations, otherwise, it will not only cause difficulties in identifying their own communication objects. In order to avoid this situation, ITU has formulated the "International Call Sign Series Division Table", which specifies the position occupied by the sequence of 26 English letters and 10 Arabic numerals for each country. For example, there are three sequences of call signs assigned to China by ITU: BAA to BZZ; XSA—XSE; 3HA—3UZ. The call signs of Chinese radio stations of any business type must be combined within the range of the above three sequences. When combining call signs, ITU also stipulates that the following combinations cannot be used as call signs: 1. Combinations that may be confused with distress call signs or other call signs of similar nature; 2 Combinations reserved for radiocommunication services as abbreviations (eg "Q" abbreviations, etc.); 3 Start with a number and the second character is the letter "O" Or a combination of "I". In addition, ITU has different regulations on the composition of call signs for various service stations. For example, the rules for amateur station call signs are: a character and a number plus a group of not more than 3 letters, or a number and a group of not more than 3 letters. In accordance with the general requirements of ITU and the "international call sign sequence division table", the radio regulatory agencies of various countries in the world have separately formulated the call sign composition methods for the stations of various service types in their countries. The provisions of the Radio Regulatory Commission of our country on the call signs of amateur radio stations in our country are: start with a letter "B" and add a number followed by 1-3 English letters or two English letters starting with the letter "B" plus a number and then Add 1-3 English letters.

The call sign of each amateur station should include at least 3 parts: 1. National prefix; represents the nationality of each station; generally expressed as the first or first two characters of the call sign, so it is also known as the prefix or prefix; such as Russian amateur stations; the first letter of the call sign must It is "U" or "R"; Japanese amateur radio stations use two letters between "JA-JS" to represent nationality; American amateur radio stations start with W, K, and N; 2. It represents the amateur division of the country where the amateur radio station is located: generally followed by a single digit after the prefix. All major countries or countries with more amateur radio stations in the world have divided the whole country into several districts below 10. Among them, China, the United States, Japan, Russia, etc. have divided the country into 10 districts from 0 to 9. 3. Suffix: It is composed of 1 to 3 letters immediately after the national division number. If it is a receiving station, it is a string of numbers. The suffix of the call sign is what makes each radio station truly different from other radio stations. Some countries also indicate the nature of the radio station in the radio call sign. Such as in Japan; the first letter of the three letters of the call sign suffix is ​​"Y" or "Z" is the collective station; in Russia, the second letter of the call sign is "K" is the club station. In addition, in the call signs of amateur radio stations, it is often the case that the station's call sign is followed by a slash followed by a few letters. For example, "/ M" means that the station is moving on land; "/ MM" means moving on water; "/ AM" means moving on the air; "/ QRP" means low-power station, etc.

The call sign of amateur radio stations in China is composed of 4 parts: the first part is the national prefix "B", the second part indicates the nature of the radio station: "Y" indicates a collective station; "T" indicates an ad hoc station; "A" indicates an individual Radio station; "D" stands for personal radio station of class two; "G" stands for personal radio station of class three and four; the third and fourth classes are distinguished by suffixes; the fourth class is personal receiving station; One digit between 0-9 indicates that the fourth part is the suffix, which is composed of 2-3 letters, and the receiving station is a digital string composed of 4-5 digits.

Same as the led par20,PAR16 7w DIM led spot light (sometimes used as an interface, called MR16 or GU5.3) is a kind from a number of manufacturers to develop standard halogen reflector lamps. Today Par16 7W Dim Led Spot Light type LED lamp can also be seen.

PAR16 7w DIM led Spot Light are often used in place of standard compact fluorescent or incandescent bulb applications, including residential lighting and retail lighting.

PAR16 7w DIM led spot light was originally designed for slide projectors.
They are suitable for a variety of applications, require a low to moderate-intensity directional lighting, such as track lighting, recessed ceiling lights, table lamps, chandeliers, lamps, landscape lighting, retail display lighting and bicycle headlights.
Folding properties
PAR16 7w DIM led spot light is a name number, where "MR" represent multiple reflector (Multifaceted Reflector). 16 is the length of the diameter of the representative of the former, the number of unit length of multiples, the provisions of 8 units of 1 inch. In MR16 example, the first diameter is 16 units long, 2 inches in diameter before that 2x2.54cm = 5.08cm, diameter of about 5 cm long.

Glass lamp cup, high long life, reliable, halogen bulb brightness, cheap.
PAR16 7w DIM led spot light fatal flaw is: large power consumption, heat lamp great.
There cartridge Friends (flashlight enthusiast) because of cheap, high brightness, good floodlight, which was converted into a flashlight, good results.
Currently such a well-known manufacturer of light cup of GE common NVC, Philips, Osram.

Mingxue Optoelectronics Co.,Ltd. has apply the I S O 9 0 0 1: 2 0 0 8 international quality management system certificate, For PAR16 7w DIM led spot light we apply the CE, RoHS and SAA certificate for our led lighting product.

PAR16 7w DIM led spot light

Par16 7W Dim,White Par16 7W Dim,Energy Saving Par16 7W Dim,Elt Par16 7W Dim

Shenzhen Mingxue Optoelectronics CO.,Ltd , https://www.led-lamp-china.com