Imagine the future of the IoT world. Watches or other wearable devices can communicate directly with your online profile, store information about your daily activities, and you can access them at any time, without the need for a battery; embedded in your home. The batteryless sensor tracks the temperature change in the room in minutes and sends this information to the thermostat to save energy.
In fact, this is not so far away. The “Internet of Things†will extend billions of devices into the Internet of Things. Sensors can be embedded in everyday items and can even help monitor and track the safety and health of the heart stent structure. But this must ensure that there is an inexpensive and easy way to solve the power problem of connecting these devices to the Internet of Things. Only by solving the problem of power supply, the Internet of Things can develop rapidly.
Now, engineers at the University of Washington have devised a new communication system that can use the radio frequency signal as a power source and reuse existing Wi-Fi infrastructure to provide IoT connectivity to these devices. Known as Wi-Fi backscatter, this technology is the first technology to connect to battery-free devices using Wi-Fi infrastructure.
“If you want IoT devices to grow, you have to provide potentially billions of battery-free everyday embedded devices,†said Shyam Gollakota, an assistant professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Washington. "We now have the ability to provide devices that use Wi-Fi connectivity, and their power consumption is much smaller than traditional Wi-Fi devices."
Researchers will present their results at this year's annual meeting of the Data Communications Special Interest Group in Chicago. The team also plans to set up a company based on this technology.
This work is based on low-powered devices that have been developed before, such as temperature sensors or wearable technology, which can operate with the energy of the existing radio, television and air signals without the need for a battery. Or wire. And separate devices that want to use the same principles to connect to the Internet of Things still need further research and development.
The challenge of connecting to these devices using Wi-Fi is that traditional, low-power Wi-Fi consumes much more power than it gets. Instead, researchers will develop an ultra-low-power tag antenna and circuit that can support Wi-Fi-enabled laptops or smartphones while consuming less power.
These tags work by "looking" for Wi-Fi signals between routers, laptops or smartphones. They encode with a reflected or non-reflective Wi-Fi router signal or a slightly altered wireless data signal. Devices with Wi-Fi capabilities, such as laptops and smartphones, will detect these subtle changes and receive data through these tags. This way, your smartwatch will be able to download emails or forward data to your Google spreadsheet.
“You might wonder, how could a low-power device work with this tiny change in wireless signal? But the problem is, if you are looking for a particular mode, you will be able to find all the other with Wi- Fi-reflective environment.†Joshua Smith, associate professor of electrical and electronic engineering at the School of Computer Science and Engineering.
The University of Washington's Wi-Fi-label backscattering technology communicates with Wi-Fi devices at a rate of 1 kilobit per second with an effective distance of approximately 2 meters from the device. They plan to expand the range to about 20 meters and apply for a patent for the technology.
Other co-workers include David Wetherall, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Washington; Bryce Kellogg and Aaron Parks, both Ph.D. students in electrical engineering.
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