China South Sea Research Institute Report: US Perspective on the Deployment of Asia-Pacific Military Forces
The presence of troops in the Asia-Pacific region is an important part of the US global military deployment and an important pillar for maintaining its Asia-Pacific dominance. With the shift of the focus of the US global military strategy to the Asia-Pacific region and the promotion and advancement of the “Asia-Pacific rebalancing†strategy, the US military activities in the region are unprecedentedly eye-catching.
In this context, China South Sea Research Institute recently released the "US Military Report in the Asia-Pacific Region (2016)" in Beijing. Through the analysis of public data, the report presents the overall trend and target of US military changes in the region. The report pointed out that in recent years, the United States has strengthened its frontier presence and military activities in the Asia-Pacific region, and in the context of the decline in overall military expenditures, it has increased its military investment in the Asia-Pacific region and is expanding and improving its military network in the region. deploy.
Data Map: US F-22 stealth fighters flew to Okinawa, Japan
Military spending tends to Asia-Pacific
The report pointed out that although the United States started the reduction plan in 2013 and the defense budget has declined overall, in the Asia-Pacific region, the trend of inclination has been continuously strengthened and has not been affected by the reduction of the defense budget. In submitting the 2017 fiscal year budget application, the US Department of Defense emphasized that it will continue to promote the “Asia-Pacific rebalancing†strategy and make targeted investments in emerging countries to maintain the military superiority of the Asia-Pacific region.
For the first time in the US fiscal year, the US defense budget application ranked Russia and China as the top of the global strategic challenge. Its overseas emergency action budget application increased by about US$5 billion compared with the 2016 fiscal year, while focusing on strengthening the maritime defense capabilities of the Southeast Asian alliance and partner countries. The budget application also uses the Iranian and North Korean threats as an excuse to step up the construction of an anti-missile system in the Asia-Pacific region.
The specific measures specified in the budget application include: deploying more F-35 fighters and "Aegis" destroyers in Japan, launching the rotation deployment of P-8A anti-submarine patrol aircraft in Singapore, implementing the rotation of the US military in northern Australia, and implementing the navy The Marine Corps moved to Guam to strengthen rotation in the Philippines, providing $425 million in funding support to the Southeast Asia Maritime Security Initiative in the next five years, and continuing to implement the Freedom of Navigation Act within the limits of international law.
Expanding Asia-Pacific military base
The US overseas military base covers six continents and four oceans except Antarctica, radiating more than 50 countries in the world, with a total of 587. The report pointed out that given the strategic importance of the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions to the United States, the United States has seven bases in the region, accounting for nearly half of its overseas bases, including 122 in Japan and 83 in South Korea.
The report pointed out that the US military's permanent military bases in the Asia-Pacific region are divided into five large-scale regional clusters: the Northeast Asian base group consisting of US military bases stationed in Japan and South Korea; the southwest Pacific base group with Guam as the center; and the Philippines, Singapore Centered Southeast Asia, Australia base group; Hawaii-based Hawaii base group; Alaska base group. Among them, the US military is greatly strengthening its military deployment in Okinawa and Guam, trying to make it a strategic hub for the joint military presence in the Asia-Pacific region.
Although the US military has not established permanent bases in Southeast Asia and Oceania, it has achieved military deployment through rotation deployment, ship visits, and joint military exercises. Among them, the US military basically obtained the right to use the Changi military base in Singapore. The main responsibility of the base is to provide replenishment and maintenance for the Seventh Fleet. In recent years, the United States and the Philippines have reached a consensus on the use of multiple Philippine military bases by the US military. The US military has also attempted to gain access to and use of the military bases around the South China Sea, such as the Jinlan Bay base in Vietnam and the Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, through ship visits and ship maintenance. right. In addition, the United States also plans to include the Australian Navy in the theater missile defense system. The report pointed out that the above-mentioned initiatives in the United States aim to build a system of Asia-Pacific military bases combining far-near integration, static and dynamic integration, and strategy and tactics.
Increase Asia-Pacific military deployment
According to the report, as of 2015, the United States deployed 368,000 troops in the Asia-Pacific region, accounting for more than 50% of the total overseas military strength of the US military. These forces are basically affiliated with the US Pacific Command. In the Western Pacific, the US military has a force of about 153,000, mainly deployed in South Korea, Japan, Guam, Hawaii, and Alaska.
Under the guidance of the “Asia-Pacific rebalancing†strategy, the US military is gradually deploying its most advanced surface ships to the Asia-Pacific region, including the deployment of the “Ronald Reagan†nuclear-powered aircraft carrier in 2015, and the deployment of the latest “USA†by 2020. The amphibious assault ship and so on. In the next few years, the US military will also purchase 395 F-35 fighters, most of which will be deployed to the Asia Pacific region.
Earlier, Trump and his security adviser pointed out that the number of US warships will increase from the existing 274 to 350. Wu Shicun, dean of the China South Sea Research Institute, said that there is a possibility of increasing surface ships, so there may be more ships deployed in the Asia-Pacific region.
In addition, the United States has increased its investment in key operational capabilities and established an intelligence gathering, surveillance, and reconnaissance platform that can continue to operate and operate farther. According to the statistics, in 2009, the US military reconnaissance planes carried out more than 260 sorties of reconnaissance against China. In 2014, there were more than 1,200 sorties. In 2015, the US reconnaissance in the South China Sea increased significantly compared with previous years. China has become the country with the highest frequency, the widest scope and the most forms of anti-reconnaissance activities in the United States.
Wu Shicun said that the US approach to reconnaissance is aimed at the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea. Increasingly frequent and close to the reconnaissance of the Chinese coast, the United States is increasingly threatening China's security.
Attach importance to cooperation with allies
The report also compiled and analyzed the status quo and future direction of military cooperation between the United States and the Asia-Pacific allies.
According to the report, the United States currently has more than 100 dedicated military bases and facilities in Japan. It has about 50,000 troops and is equipped with a large number of advanced weapons and equipment. The US Navy maintains an aircraft carrier battle group and an amphibious assault ship battle group. At the same time, the United States also exported a large amount of weapons and equipment to Japan. In 2016, Japan plans to purchase 485.8 billion yen (100 yen, about 6.49 yuan) of the latest weapons and equipment from the United States, of which 36.7 billion yen plans to purchase three "Global Hawk" unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. At the same time, the United States has continued to draw Japan to join its leading South China Sea cruise program.
Wu Shicun said that the US "Asia-Pacific rebalancing" strategy has completely activated Japan's role in the region, and Japan and the United States have common interests in the South China Sea issue.
On the other hand, South Korea is the number of US troops stationed in Asia after Japan. Beginning in 2015, the United States sold the "Aegis" combat system and the new "Harpoon" missile to South Korea. In March 2016, it reached an agreement with South Korea on the deployment of the "Sade" anti-missile system.
At the same time, the United States’ military assistance to the Philippines has continued to increase. From 2009 to 2014, a total of $191 million in military assistance was provided. In March 2016, the US military was allowed to use five military bases in the Philippines in the form of rotation. In the same month, the United States and the Philippines also began a "joint cruise" in the South China Sea. In recent years, the United States and the Philippines have frequently held large-scale bilateral or multilateral joint military exercises.
However, with the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte coming to power and visiting China, China-Philippines relations have fundamentally improved compared to the era of Aquino III. Zhu Feng, dean of the Institute of International Relations at Nanjing University, believes that although the two sides have not yet formed a package on the Huangyan Island issue, if the two countries can put aside disputes on this issue, explore possible concessions, from stalemate to pragmatic arrangements, The Huangyan Island issue may become an important driving force for solving the South China Sea issue and has important significance. Wu Shicun also pointed out that the Philippines will become the rotating presidency of ASEAN next year. As the relations between the two countries improve, the two sides will have more cooperation rather than confrontation on the South China Sea issue.
The two experts also believe that the military alliance between the United States and the Philippines will not collapse, and the military cooperation between the two countries will not stop. However, if Duterte insists that the US military withdraw from the base of the Philippines, then China’s threat in the South China Sea will be threatened. Weakened.
Should build "new big power relations"
As early as 16 years ago, the United States issued a report on China's military strength and security in the form of a report submitted by the Ministry of National Defense to the National Assembly. The Japan Defense Research Institute also published a report on China's security strategy status in 2011. The US Military Report on the Asia-Pacific Region (2016) is the first authoritative, systematic and objective publication of a research report on the US military investment, power deployment, and relations with the Allies in the Asia-Pacific region. First opening the river.
In response to the future development of the relations between China and the United States and the two militaries, the report believes that China and the United States have different historical and cultural traditions, social systems, ideology and economic development levels. It is inevitable that there will be differences and frictions on some issues. China and the United States have important responsibilities for peace and development in the Asia-Pacific region and the world. The two sides should adhere to the overall situation, grasp the overall goal of building a "new-type power relationship", timely control the crisis, and adhere to constructive ways to enhance understanding and expand through dialogue and consultation. consensus.
Wu Shicun said that he hopes to use this report to deepen the international community's understanding of China and the United States' efforts to strengthen military exchanges and cooperation, maintain peace and stability on the sea, and the joint efforts of China and the United States.
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