Five mechanical structures and three key components of industrial robots

Industrial robots are categorized by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) into two main types: industrial robots and service robots. Among these, industrial robots currently hold approximately 80% of the global robot market, far exceeding the share of service robots. These machines play a critical role in manufacturing and automation across various industries. In terms of mechanical design, industrial robots come in several configurations, including single-axis robots, Cartesian coordinate robots, horizontal multi-joint (SCARA) robots, vertical articulated robots, and parallel (DELTA) robots. Each type is designed for specific applications and offers unique advantages depending on the task at hand. **1. Single-Axis Robots** Single-axis robots operate along a single linear axis and are typically driven by either ball screw or synchronous belt mechanisms. Both systems use linear guides and are paired with servo or stepper motors to achieve precise positioning, transfer, and handling tasks. They can be combined into two-axis, three-axis, or gantry systems for more complex operations. These robots are widely used in semiconductor manufacturing, automotive, medical, and packaging industries. Companies like Shangyin Technology in Taiwan are among the top global suppliers of single-axis robots. **2. Cartesian Coordinate Robots** Also known as right-angle coordinate robots, these systems move along X, Y, and Z axes, making them ideal for pick-and-place, stacking, and positioning tasks. They are commonly used in injection molding machines, assembly lines, and automated pharmacies. In Taiwan, over 80 companies are involved in the production of such robots, with many specializing in design and development. Leading brands like Alfa and Apex have significant market presence in mainland China. **3. Horizontal Multi-Joint (SCARA) Robots** SCARA robots are designed for high-speed and precision tasks, featuring four degrees of freedom. They are often used in the 3C industry, food processing, and electronics assembly due to their speed and accuracy. Major manufacturers include Epson, IAI, and Denso from Japan, while domestic Chinese brands like Delta and Dongyouda are also gaining traction. **4. Vertical Articulated Robots** These robots have multiple joints and offer high flexibility, allowing them to perform complex movements. They are widely used in automotive and electronics manufacturing. While companies like Shangyin and Hon Hai have developed their own six-axis models, key components like harmonic reducers are still largely imported, increasing costs and reducing competitiveness. **5. Parallel (DELTA) Robots** Parallel robots, or DELTA robots, are known for their fast, precise movements and are commonly used in high-speed sorting, packaging, and inspection tasks. Their lightweight and compact design allows for efficient operation in food, pharmaceutical, and electronics industries. A single DELTA robot can replace 4–6 workers, significantly improving productivity and reducing labor costs. **The Three Key Components of Industrial Robots** After exploring the mechanical structures, it’s important to understand the three core components that drive industrial robots: **reducers**, **servo motors**, and **controllers**. Together, they account for about 60–70% of a robot’s total cost and represent a major barrier to entry in the industry. **1. Reducers** Reducers are essential for controlling motor speed and increasing torque. They are crucial for ensuring precision and reliability in robotic motion. Globally, companies like Nabtesco and Harmonic Drive dominate the market, holding over 70% of the share. With the growing demand for industrial robots, the reducer market is expected to grow even faster than the robot industry itself. **2. Servo Motors** Servo motors act as the power source for robot movement, typically located at the joints. They consist of a motor body and a control system, enabling precise and responsive motion. Major suppliers include Panasonic, Yaskawa, Mitsubishi, and European firms like Bosch Rexroth. Japanese brands currently hold a 40% share of the global market, while Taiwanese companies like TECO and Delta are also making strong progress. **3. Controllers** Controllers serve as the "brain" of the robot, combining hardware and software to manage movement and operations. Most leading manufacturers develop their own controllers to ensure stability and performance. In addition to the big four (ABB, FANUC, KUKA, Yaskawa), companies like Epson and Denso are also investing heavily in controller technology. In Taiwan, organizations like ITRI and Advantech Baoyuan have made significant strides in this area. Understanding these components and their roles is essential for anyone looking to enter or advance in the field of industrial robotics. As technology continues to evolve, so too will the capabilities and applications of these remarkable machines.

Optical Filter

Optical Filter,Bandpass Filters,Optical Band Pass Filters,Visible Light Filters

Changchun Realpoo Photoelectric Co., Ltd. , https://www.optics-realpoo.com